The Second Battle of El Alamein took place over 13 days from
23 October – 4 November 1942 near the Egyptian coastal city of El Alamein, and the
Allies' victory marked a major turning point in the Western
Desert Campaign of the Second World War.
It followed the First Battle
of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance into Egypt,
after which, in August 1942, Lieutenant-General
Bernard
Montgomery had taken command of the British Eighth Army
from General Claude
Auchinleck. This Allied victory turned the tide in the North African
Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal, and of gaining
access to the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields via North Africa. From a
psychological perspective, El Alamein revived the morale of the Allied side,
being the first major offensive against the Germans since the start of the
European war in 1939 in which the Western Allies achieved a decisive victory.
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